1 Kings 1:38

Authorized King James Version

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So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּ֣רֶד went down H3381
וַיֵּ֣רֶד went down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 1 of 21
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
צָד֣וֹק So Zadok H6659
צָד֣וֹק So Zadok
Strong's: H6659
Word #: 2 of 21
tsadok, the name of eight or nine israelites
הַ֠כֹּהֵן the priest H3548
הַ֠כֹּהֵן the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 3 of 21
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וְנָתָ֨ן and Nathan H5416
וְנָתָ֨ן and Nathan
Strong's: H5416
Word #: 4 of 21
nathan, the name of five israelites
הַנָּבִ֜יא the prophet H5030
הַנָּבִ֜יא the prophet
Strong's: H5030
Word #: 5 of 21
a prophet or (generally) inspired man
וּבְנָיָ֣הוּ and Benaiah H1141
וּבְנָיָ֣הוּ and Benaiah
Strong's: H1141
Word #: 6 of 21
benajah, the name of twelve israelites
בֶן the son H1121
בֶן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 7 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יְהֽוֹיָדָ֗ע of Jehoiada H3077
יְהֽוֹיָדָ֗ע of Jehoiada
Strong's: H3077
Word #: 8 of 21
jehojada, the name of three israelites
וְהַכְּרֵתִי֙ and the Cherethites H3774
וְהַכְּרֵתִי֙ and the Cherethites
Strong's: H3774
Word #: 9 of 21
a kerethite or life-guardsman
וְהַפְּלֵתִ֔י and the Pelethites H6432
וְהַפְּלֵתִ֔י and the Pelethites
Strong's: H6432
Word #: 10 of 21
a courier (collectively) or official messenger
וַיַּרְכִּ֙בוּ֙ to ride H7392
וַיַּרְכִּ֙בוּ֙ to ride
Strong's: H7392
Word #: 11 of 21
to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 12 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה and caused Solomon H8010
שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה and caused Solomon
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 13 of 21
shelomah, david's successor
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 14 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פִּרְדַּ֖ת mule H6506
פִּרְדַּ֖ת mule
Strong's: H6506
Word #: 15 of 21
a she-mule
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ upon king H4428
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ upon king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 16 of 21
a king
דָּוִ֑ד David's H1732
דָּוִ֑ד David's
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 17 of 21
david, the youngest son of jesse
וַיֹּלִ֥כוּ H1980
וַיֹּלִ֥כוּ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 18 of 21
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אֹת֖וֹ H853
אֹת֖וֹ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
גִּחֽוֹן׃ him to Gihon H1521
גִּחֽוֹן׃ him to Gihon
Strong's: H1521
Word #: 21 of 21
gichon, a river of paradise; also a valley (or pool) near jerusalem

Analysis & Commentary

So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's accession and adonijah's rebellion, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign. The prophetic office represents God's faithful witness even in apostasy, calling His people back to covenant faithfulness.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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